Neurotransmitters
Special chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters are responsible for releasing chemical signals during chemical synapse. Some neurotransmitters are “excitatory”, meaning they can activate a neuron to produce an action potential. The action potential is electrical pulses neurons use to send communication signals.
The most common excitatory neurotransmitter is glutamate.
While some neurotransmitters are “inhibitory”, meaning it prevents a neuron from producing an action potential. The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Neurotransmitters and receptors have a keyhole and key relationship. Receptors act like keyholes, while neurotransmitters are the keys.
Once a neurotransmitter unlocks a receptor, it can then communicate with the receiving neuron’s dendrites.
When a neurotransmitter fits in a receptor, it is called binding.
A neurotransmitter can fit into multiple receptors. Specific neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine play an important role in addiction.
Neurons are specialized cells that allow the brain to communicate with the rest of our body. These neuronal connections form the base for “electrochemical communication system.”
The dendrite of the neuron receives information. While the axon sends out information.
